Shareware Grab Bag/Shareware Grab Bag.iso/007/jovept2.arc/JOVE.1

Text File | 1985-05-30 | 17.5 KB | 331 lines

.de FN
.sp 1
\f3\\$1    \\$2\f1    \" command name, and key binding
.sp 0    \" To fool the filling
..
.TH JOVE LSRHS
.SH NAME
jove - Jonathan's Own Version of Emacs
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B jove
[-t tagname] [file1 file2 ... ]
.SH DESCRIPTION
.ll 65
.ad
.PP
Jove is an interactive display oriented editor which allows one to
modify text easily.  Jove stands for \f3Jonathan's Own Version of
Emacs\f1. This editor is modeled after the EMACS written at MIT by
Richard  Stallman.  Jove has tried to stick to the conventions of real
EMACS, but has strayed away from them in several places.  The real EMACS
is extensible, which means the user can change the way the editor
behaves to his own liking. He can do this by changing the commands that
each key invokes or by writing new commands.  Although new commands
cannot be written in \f3jove\f1, existing commands can be \f3bound\f1
to any key. There are several concepts a user needs to understand before
he can use the editor to his full advantage. The three most important
are \f3buffers\f1, \f3windows\f1 and \f3command binding\f1.
.PP
In most cases, Jove is used to edit already existing files.  Jove reads
files into \f3buffers\f1.  A \f3buffer\f1 is where Jove stores its
version of the file; changes made in the editor are made to the buffer,
not the original file.  If the user makes a change but wishes he did
not,  he can simply reread the file from the disk into a fresh buffer.
If Jove is given no files to edit it creates an empty buffer with no
file associated with it.  When the user has finished editing and is
satisfied with his changes, he can save the buffer to a file with the
\f3write-named-file\f1 command. This command asks for a file name and
writes the contents of the buffer to that file.  Once a buffer is
written to a file, the old version of the file is gone forever, so be
careful!! Jove complains if the buffer is modified and an attempt is
made to leave before saving the changes.  It says \f3Modified buffers
exists.  Leave anyway?\f1.  Answering \f3no\f1 to this question will
leave the user in the editor so that he can write the buffers he
wishes.  If he wants to exit, e.g. he made a mistake, he should answer
\f3yes\f1.
.PP
The current position in a buffer is called the \f3point\f1.  The
\f3point\f1 should not be thought of as being on a character, rather
as being between two characters, namely the character before the cursor
and the character under the cursor.
.PP
Jove supports multiple buffers.  This means that more than one file can
be edited at a time, each file having its own buffer.  Jove remembers
what each buffer looks like while it is not in use.  This makes it
possible to jump around from one buffer to another without losing any
previous changes, and without having to save the changes each time a new
buffer is selected.  Each buffer has its own set of characteristics that
jove also remembers, so switching from one buffer to another can change
the way the editor behaves.  Jove uses \f3windows\f1 to show what
the buffer looks like at any time.
.PP
Often files are too large to fit in the terminals screen all at once.
While in the editor, the screen acts as a \f3window\f1 into a buffer,
always showing what the buffer looks like.  If the point moves past the
top or bottom of the window, the window moves to where the point has
moved.   When a line is too long to fit on the terminal, jove shows this
by putting an \f3!\f1 at the end of the line.  Moving the point to a
position that is off the screen horizontally causes the line containing
the point to be \f3scrolled\f1 to the right or the left such that the
\f3point\f1 is visible.  Only the current line is ever scrolled.  If the
line containing the point is scrolled and the point moves to a different
line, the scrolled line automatically moved back to its normal
position.  The window reflects what is being done as it is being done, so
what you see is ALWAYS what you get.
.PP
Initially there is only one window, but it is possible to divide a
window so that there are two smaller windows. The smaller windows are
exactly the same as the original window except for the amount of the
buffer each can show at a time. Sometimes the same buffer will be shown
in more than one window, and other times there will be a different
buffer in each window.
.PP
There are many commands built into jove.  There is a command handler in
jove that prompts for commands. When the name of a command typed in is
unambiguous, that command will be executed. Since it is very slow to have
to type in the name of each command every time it is needed, jove makes
it possible to \f3bind\f1 commands to keys.  When a command is
\f3bound\f1 to a key any future hits on that key will invoke that
command.  All the printing characters are \f3initially\f1 bound to the
function \f3self-insert\f1 so that typing any one of the printing
characters causes it to be inserted into the text.  Any of the existing
commands can be bound to any key.  Since there are more commands than
there are keys, two keys are treated as \f3prefix\f1 commands.  When a
key bound to one of the prefix commands is typed, the next character
typed is interpreted on the basis that it was preceded by one of the
prefix keys.  Initially \f3^X\f1 and \f3ESC\f1 are the prefix keys, and
as you will see, many of the built in commands are initially bound to
these "two stroke" keys.
.PP
Users will likely want to modify the default key bindings to his
liking.  Since it would be quite a pain to have to set up the bindings
each time jove is started up, jove reads commands from the file
\f3.joverc\f1 in the user's home directory.  This commands are read as
if they were typed to the command handler during an edit.  There can
be only one command per line in the init file.  The \f3source\f1
command can be used to read commands from a specified file.  This
means that a macro can be used to change the key bindings, e.g. to
enter a mode, by reading from a specified file which contains all the
new bindings.
.PP
Jove is invoked by simply typing \f3jove\f1 to either \f3shell\f1 or
\f3C-shell\f1.  If arguments are provided on the command line, jove
treats each as a file to be read, and reads it into its own buffer.
The current buffer will be the first file read in, and the point will be
at the beginning of the buffer.  There is one exception.  If jove sees a
\f3-t\f1 on the command line it takes the next word to be a C tag and
reads in the file containing that tag.  Inexperienced users need not
worry about that though.  At the bottom of each window is the \f3mode
line\f1 associated with that window.  A typical mode line might look
like this:
.sp 1
.nf
   \f3JOVE (TE)   Buffer: jove.1   "jove.1" *\f1
.fi
.sp 1
The mode line always says \f3JOVE\f1.  The \f3TE\f1 inside the
parentheses means the editor is in \f3text-fill\f1 mode (see \f3modes\f1
below).  In this example the name of the buffer is \f3jove.1\f1 and
the name inside the quotes is the file.  In this case the file is
\f3jove.1\f1; in general the buffer name and the file name are the
same. The \f3*\f1 at the end of the line indicates that the buffer
has been modified but not saved.  The very bottom line on the screen is
the \f3message line\f1.  This is where jove prints any messages and
where jove prompts the user for more input.  For example, when the user
wants to save his buffer, jove would ask for a file name to use on this
line.
.PP
Once invoked, Jove is ready to accept commands from the user.  Most of
the editor commands move the point around in the buffer and others
change what the buffer looks like.  These commands operate on single
characters, words, lines, and on regions.  One of the more common
editor commands is the \f3self-insert\f1 command.
.PP
The \f3self-insert\f1 command simply inserts the character that invoked it
into the buffer at the point.  Because the point is really
between two characters, inserting a character at point pushes all the
characters, from the point to the end of the line, over to the right to
make room for the new character. The point moves one to the right
staying just ahead of the newly inserted character.  This means that if
the user wants to insert a word, he can just type the word.  If the
point did not move  as he typed, he would have to move forward a
character after each letter of the word was typed.  Characters
which are not self inserting, for example those which are other editor
commands, also can be inserted but must be \f3quoted\f1 first. This is
done with the \f3quote-char\f1 command which inserts the next character
typed no matter what character it is.
.PP
\f3CONTROL-Q\f1 (that is the \f3CTRL\f1 key typed with the \f3Q\f1 key
at the same time) is an example of a \f3control\f1 character.  \f3^Q\f1
is short hand for \f3CONTROL-Q\f1.  Many of the editor commands are
\f3bound\f1 to \f3control\f1 keys initially since the rest of the
characters are \f3self-inserting\f1.  \f3Escape\f1 characters are
different from \f3control\f1 character in that they are typed in two
keys strokes, namely the \f3ESC\f1 key followed by any other key.  If
there is not a command bound to the \f3escape <character>\f1 sequence,
the editor will complain.
.PP
The commands \f3forward-character\f1 and \f3backward-character\f1
are bound to the keys \f3^F\f1 and \f3^B\f1 respectively.  They move
forward and backward one character position in the buffer.  The commands
\f3forward-word\f1 and \f3backward-word\f1 are bound to the keys
\f3ESCAPE-F\f1 and \f3ESCAPE-B\f1 respectively.  They are the same is
the \f3^F\f1 and \f3^B\f1 commands except that they operate on
\f3words\f1.  The commands \f3next-line\f1 and \f3previous-line\f1 are
examples are commands that operate on lines. There are commands that
delete text in units of characters, words, and lines also.
\f3delete-next-character\f1 deletes the character after point and
\f3delete-previous-character\f1 deletes the character before point.
\f3delete-next-word\f1 and \f3delete-previous-word\f1 are the same as the
two delete character functions except that they operate on words.
.PP
Sometimes it is useful to run a command a specific number of times, for
example to move down 10 lines, the sequence \f3ESC-10-^N\f1 will work, if
the \f3^N\f1 is bound to the \f3next-line\f1 command.  In general,
\f3ESCAPE\f1 followed by a number, followed by a command, runs that
command \f3number\f1 times.  This is called giving the command a numeric
argument, or providing a prefix argument. Some of the commands ignore
numeric arguments, for example \f3read-file\f1, but most of the commands
use the numeric argument.
.PP
A \f3region\f1 is defined as all the text between two buffer positions.
\f3Marks\f1 provides a way to remember a position in the buffer other
than the point.  The \f3set-mark\f1 command sets a mark to where the
point is at the time the command is invoked.  Once a mark is set, the
user can move the point anywhere else and later use various commands to
manipulate the mark.  Aside from delimiting the region, the mark is also
useful for remembering a spot that you may want to go back to.  To make
this feature more useful, JOVE remembers 19 previous locations of the
mark.  Most commands that set the mark push the old mark onto this
stack.  To return to a marked location, invoking the \f3set-mark\f1
command with a prefix argument (e.g. \f3^U-^@\f1) will do.  This moves
the point to where the mark was, and restores the mark from the stack of
former marks.  So repeated use of this command moves point to all of the
old marks on the stack, one by one.  Since the stack  is actually a
ring, enough uses of \f3^U-^@\f1 bring the point back to where it
was originally.
PP.
It is sometimes necessary to get from one place in a buffer to another
quickly.  Using the primitive motion commands would work, but would be
rather slow. \f3Search commands\f1 provide a quick and easy way to move
over large portions of text.  The user is prompted for a string to
search for.  The search starts from the point, so forward searches will
not find any matches that are before the point, and reverse searches
will not find any matches after the point.  If the search was forward
and the editor manages to find the string, the point moves to the end of
the string.  If the search was backward and the editor finds the string,
the point moves to the beginning of the string. Otherwise the user will
be informed of the failure and left where he was.  Jove supports
\f3regular expressions\f1 also, but they are rather complicated. For
complete documentation see \f3ed(1)\f1 in the UPM. Another useful
command is the \f3replace-search\f1 command.  This command prompts the
user for a search string, then prompts for a replacement string, and
then searches the buffer for the search string replacing all occurrences
with the replacement string.
.bp
Here is a list of all the commands, with a short description of each
and the key that the command is initially bound to.
.PP
.so commands.1
.ta 4 12
.sp 2
.bp
The following are list of variables which change the way the editor
behaves.  All the variables, and the effect they have on the behavior of
the editor, are listed below.  When certain variables are set to non-zero
values, jove prints their abbreviations (in parentheses) on the mode line.
.PP
.ta 30
.FN allow-^S-and-^Q
When set to non-zero, jove disables the stop (XOFF) and start (XON)
characters, thus making it possible to bind editor commands to those
keys.  Most often, the \f3^S\f1 and \f3^Q\f1 keys are the stop and start
characters, which means when this variable is set, \f3search-forward\f1
can be bound to \f3^S\f1, and \f3quote-char\f1 can be bound to \f3^Q\f1,
like they are supposed to be bound.
.FN auto-indent (AI)
This variable affects the way the \f3RETURN\f1 key works. Normally
typing \f3RETURN\f1 divides the current line at point moving point down
to the next line. That still happens in this mode but the line is
automatically indented the same as the previous line. This is useful for
structure programming languages like C and PASCAL.
.FN c-mode (C)
This mode the tab character and the \f3}\f1.  Instead of just inserting
the tab, the editor determines where the tab ought to be for the C
language and tabs to there instead.  The same thing happens with the
close brace.  It is tabbed to the right place and then inserted.
.FN case-independent-search (CIS)
This affects the way search works.  When in this mode, jove ignores the
difference between upper case and lower case so \f3A\f1 matches \f3a\f1
as well as \f3A\f1.
.FN internal-tabstop (not-shown)
This tells jove how many spaces a tab should take up when it is printed.
The default is 8.
.FN magic (MA)
This mode makes regular expression available.  This is not the default
because for new users because certain characters in the search strijng do
not always do what they normally would.
.FN make-all-at-once
Tells the editor to run \f3make\f1 with the \f3-k\f1 option when running
the \f3compile-it\f1 command.
.FN over-write (OV)
This mode changes the way self-inserting characters work. Instead of
pushing the rest of the line over, the character after the point is
replaced.
.FN physical-tapstop
This tells jove how big the tabstops are for the specific terminal.
When the terminal is in \f3tabs\f1 mode (see \f3stty\f1(1)), jove will
take advantage of that fact, and optimize the cursor motion using tabs.
.FN right-margin (not-shown)
This is used by the \f3justify-paragram\f1 command, and says how long
it should try to make each line.
.FN show-match (SM)
This affects the close parenthesis (brace) characters. When one of those
is typed in this mode it is inserted normally. Then the cursor flashes
to the matching open parenthesis (brace) for one second and then move
back to point. If the match was not on the screen, nothing happens.
If there is no match the user is informed of the error.
.FN single-scroll
This changes the way the editor behaves when the point moves out of the
range of a window.  Instead of centering the line containing the point,
the editor leaves the line at the top, or bottom of the screen
(depending on which end the point moved off).  This is useful if the
terminal is running at a slow baud rate.
.FN text-fill (TF)
When in this mode, the editor will automatically insert carriage returns
when lines reach the right margin. The default \f3right-margin\f1 is
72.
.FN write-files-on-make (not-shown)
When non-zero, jove writes all the modified buffers when the
\f3compile-it\f1 command is invoked (default is non-zero).
.PP
To put the editor on one of these modes, use the \f3set\f1 command.
The set command prompts for one of the mode variables to set.  A
non-zero value means the mode is on, and a value or 0 means the mode is
off.
.sp 1
.nf
   \f3JOVE (C-SM-AI)   Buffer: jove.c   "jove.c" *\f1
.fi
.sp 1
If in these modes, typing \f3}\f1 would cause the \f3}\f1 to be indented
before inserted, and then the cursor would flash to the matching
\f3{\f1.
.SH FILES
/usr/tmp     where the temporary files are stored.
.SH SEE ALSO
edt(1), ed(1).
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
Jove diagnostics are meant to be self explanatory.
.SH BUGS
It doesn't garbage collect the tmp file so it could run out of tmp
space when it doesn't have to.
.sp 1
There should be one bind-to-key command that works for both macros and
built in commands.
.sp 1
There should be a way to abort \f3read-file\f1 and the search commands.
.sp 1
Jove should not blow up when it tries to source a file which doesn't
have editor commands in it.